We present an analysis of the observed upper envelope of the dimensionless parameter k, defined as Kₐdim = EGW / (M c² f ⋅ τ), computed from radiated gravitational‑wave energy estimates and posterior‑based final mass medians for selected GW events. Top 1% (kₐdim): single event GW151012.
Luca Casprini (Mon,) studied this question.