Perineural Myxoid Degeneration Associated With Prostatic Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Histopathological Finding

Perineural myxoid degeneration is a rare, non-neoplastic condition characterized by the accumulation of myxoid material around peripheral nerves. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood and the lesion is rarely encountered in routine pathological practice. We describe perineural myxoid degeneration identified adjacent to prostatic adenocarcinoma in a radical prostatectomy specimen of a 59-year-old man. Histopathological examination revealed myxoid change surrounding an enlarged peripheral nerve in close proximity to the tumor, confirmed by Alcian blue staining and S100 immunoreactivity, with a very low proliferative index. Although this finding has no known independent prognostic significance, recognition of this entity is important because it may mimic more significant perineural pathology in oncologic specimens. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first reported association of perineural myxoid degeneration with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Increased awareness of this entity may help prevent diagnostic misinterpretation and improve recognition of this uncommon histopathological finding.