Hydronephrosis in pediatric horseshoe kidneys: a comparative analysis of open and laparoscopic pyeloplasty and the influence of obstruction causes

Our study found that intrinsic obstruction, crossing vessels, and high insertion were the main causes of hydronephrosis in HSK, with missed crossing vessels being the primary cause of reobstruction. Our results demonstrate that both OP and LP are safe and effective in treating hydronephrosis in HSK patients.