Hydronium Ion Batteries: A Sustainable Energy Storage Solution

Hydronium ions have been reversibly stored for the first time in an electrode of crystalline 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). A highly reversible discharge-charge behavior of PTCDA was observed in an aqueous acidic electrolyte of 1 m H2 SO4 . The capacity and the operation potentials are comparable to that of Na-ion storage in the same electrode.