Why the study?
Does tobacco smoking increase the risk of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and venous thromboembolism?
Population
Tobacco smokers, with a specific focus on the Japanese population
Design
Review
Authors
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Maintain smoking cessation efforts in Japan; extends observational CVD links but leaves causal estimates open.
Does tobacco smoking increase the risk of a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and venous thromboembolism?
Tobacco smoking, including heat-not-burn alternatives, continues to be a major risk factor for a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, necessitating ongoing physician vigilance.
Kondo et al. (2019) studied this question.