Impact of nutrition on skin wound healing and aesthetic outcomes: A comprehensive narrative review

While current wound treatment strategies often focus on antimicrobials and topical agents, the role of nutrition in wound healing and aesthetic outcomes is crucial but frequently overlooked. This review assesses the impact of specific nutrients and preoperative nutritional status on surgical outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, spanning from inception to October 2023. The study focused on the influence of macronutrients and micronutrients on aesthetic outcomes, the optimization of preoperative nutritional status, and the association between nutritional status and postoperative complications. Inclusion criteria were English-language, peer-reviewed articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials related to nutrition's impact on skin wound healing and aesthetic outcomes. Exclusion criteria included non-English publications, non-peer-reviewed articles, opinion pieces, and animal studies. Omega-3 fatty acids and specific amino acids were linked to enhanced wound healing and immune function. Vitamins A, B, C, and zinc positively influenced healing stages, while vitamin E results were variable. Polyphenolic compounds showed anti-inflammatory effects beneficial for recovery. Malnutrition was associated with increased postoperative complications and infections, whereas preoperative nutritional support correlated with reduced hospital stays and complications. Personalized nutritional plans are essential in surgical care, particularly for Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols. Despite the demonstrated benefits of certain nutrients, gaps in research, particularly regarding elements like iron, necessitate further studies. Nutritional assessments and interventions are vital for optimal preoperative care, underscoring the need for more comprehensive guidelines and research in nutritional management for surgical patients.