Molecular Weaving of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Adaptive Guest Inclusion

The synthesis of new isoreticular non-interpenetrated woven covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was achieved by linking aldehyde-functionalized copper(I) bisphenanthroline complexes with benzidine linkers in the presence of a bulky anion, diphenylphosphinate (PO2Ph2-) to give metalated COF-506-Cu and, upon removal of copper(I), the demetalated COF-506. The structures of these COFs were determined by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques. Guest-accessibility to the pores of the two frameworks was examined by vapor and dye inclusion studies and compared to the already reported doubly-interpenetrated COF-505-Cu. Remarkably, COF-506 was found to take up guest molecules that exceed the size of the COF-506-Cu pores, thus giving credence to the notion of a novel mode of motional dynamics in solids we term 'adaptive inclusion'.