Evaluating AI-generated patient education materials for spinal surgeries: Comparative analysis of readability and DISCERN quality across ChatGPT and deepseek models

This study is limited by the rapid evolution of AI models, its exclusive focus on spinal surgery education, and the absence of real-world patient feedback, which may affect the generalizability and long-term applicability of the findings. Future research ought to explore interactive, multimodal approaches and incorporate patient feedback to ensure that AI-generated health information is accurate, accessible, and facilitates informed healthcare decisions.