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No consensus is found among surgeons on how to manage difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Iatrogenic injuries and conversion rate can be reduced depending on the surgeon's experience, special techniques, and intraoperative investigations. Subtotal cholecystectomy, antegrade or fundus first techniques, and peroperative cholangiogram significantly reduced the complications and conversion rate.
Abdulzahra Hussain (Mon,) studied this question.