Overview of Modern Technologies for Acquiring and Analysing Acoustic Information Based on AI and IoT

In recent years, using sound as a source of information in environmental monitoring systems has become increasingly important. Thanks to the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, it has become possible to create distributed, intelligent acoustic systems used in medicine, industry, cities, and the natural environment. The article presents an overview of modern methods of acquiring and analysing sound data, from MEMS sensors and microphones, signal processing, and feature extraction to machine learning algorithms. The analysis of many works shows how diverse the approach to acoustic analysis can be, depending on the purpose, context, and environmental constraints. Technical challenges, privacy issues, and possible directions for further development, such as integration with multimodal monitoring systems or edge processing, are also discussed. The article is cross-sectional and can be a starting point for further research on intelligent acoustic monitoring in systems based on AI and IoT.