Fullerene C60, a unique carbon molecule with a spherical structure, has gained significant attention for its therapeutic potential in medicine. This review highlights its mechanisms of action and diverse medical applications. Notably, Fullerene C60 exhibits exceptional antioxidant properties, effectively scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress, which is crucial in various diseases. Its interactions with biological molecules also allow it to modulate cellular signaling pathways, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent. In oncology, Fullerene C60 shows potential in targeted drug delivery systems, enhancing the effectiveness of anticancer agents while minimizing side effects. In addition, its photodynamic therapy capabilities enable the selective destruction of cancer cells on light exposure. The molecule also demonstrates neuroprotective effects, with studies suggesting its ability to combat neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Beyond cancer and neuroprotection, Fullerene C60 exhibits antiviral and antibacterial activities, indicating its potential against infectious diseases. Its effectiveness in inhibiting virus replication and combating bacterial strains highlights its multifunctional therapeutic applications. The development of innovative nanocarrier systems is critical for optimizing the bioavailability and targeted delivery of Fullerene C60. The landscape of Fullerene C60 research is promising, with numerous clinical trials underway to assess its efficacy across various conditions. However, challenges remain regarding its long-term toxicity, bioaccumulation, and regulatory approval for clinical translation. Further research is needed to optimize biocompatibility and establish standardized safety profiles for therapeutic applications. Future directions include exploring its role in personalized medicine and addressing regulatory challenges. This review underscores the transformative potential of Fullerene C60 in modern therapeutic strategies.
Agrawal et al. (Fri,) studied this question.