Toward an intersectional equity approach in social–ecological transformations

Abstract Non-technical summary Ensuring more equitable transformations requires addressing how different contextual dimensions of identity, such as gender and class, hinder equity. However, previous analyses on equity have addressed these dimensions separately. We suggest advancing beyond these methods by integrating intersectional analysis into the distributive, procedural, and recognition aspects of equity when examining social–ecological transformations. A review of 37 studies on social–ecological transformation shows that social–ecological transformation scholars commonly addressed social, spatial, and environmental transformations. In contrast, few studies have gone into depth in analyzing the reasons for power imbalances. We encourage scholars to use critical questions to reflect on social–ecological transformations collectively. Technical summary Ensuring equity in social–ecological transformations involves understanding how aspects of identity – such as gender, age, and class – affect experiences on the path to sustainability. Previous studies have often focused on one dimension of difference, but an intersectionality framework is essential for recognizing interconnected identities. In this paper, we review 37 empirical studies on social–ecological transformations, identifying key assets of transformation, including economic, social, cultural, political, spatial, environmental, and knowledge-based assets. We apply an analytical framework based on intersectional equity, incorporating intersectionality in equity analysis, which examines how power dynamics contribute to inequities in distribution, procedure, and recognition. Our findings show that social, spatial, and environmental assets of transformation are the most frequently mentioned in our sampled literature, together with benefits, costs, inclusiveness, and knowledge of equity dimensions. Power imbalances occurred the most often, while different aspects of identity were mentioned only in two-thirds of the studies. We believe an intersectional equity approach will help better conceptualize transformation concerning (in)equity. Based on our reflections, we suggest critical questions encouraging scholars to evaluate them iteratively with an interdisciplinary group. Social media summary An intersectional equity approach is key to just social–ecological transformations. We review 37 studies to show why.