A global prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use among students: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,189,145 subjects

Our meta-analysis reveals a significant prevalence of ENDS use among school and college students globally, with higher rates observed among males than females. The lifetime prevalence of ENDS indicates that many students have tried or are currently using these products. The current prevalence of ENDS use was 10.2%, with notable variations across different continents.