Line formation in solar granulation

The solar photospheric oxygen abundance has been determined from O i, O i, OH vibration-rotation and OH pure rotation lines by means of a realistic time-dependent, 3D, hydrodynamical model of the solar atmosphere. In the case of the O i lines, 3D non-LTE calculations have been performed, revealing significant departures from LTE as a result of photon losses in the lines. We derive a solar oxygen abundance of log . All oxygen diagnostics yield highly consistent abundances, in sharp contrast with the results of classical 1D model atmospheres. This low value is in good agreement with measurements of the local interstellar medium and nearby B stars. This low abundance is also supported by the excellent correspondence between lines of very different line formation sensitivities, and between the observed and predicted line shapes and center-to-limb variations. Together with the corresponding down-ward revisions of the solar carbon, nitrogen and neon abundances, the resulting significant decrease in solar metal mass fraction to can, however, potentially spoil the impressive agreement between predicted and observed sound speed in the solar interior determined from helioseismology.