Fifty years of Fusarium: how could nine species have ever been enough?

Fusarium is globally one of the most important genera of fungi, causing an array of plant diseases, producing mycotoxins and adversely affecting human health. The genus is taxonomically complex and accurate identification requires a suite of different morphological, biological and phylogenetic markers. Herein we review some of the major advances in our knowledge of Fusarium that have occurred over the past 50 years.