An Exploration of Factors Influencing Self-Efficacy in Online Learning: A Systematic Review

This review examines 12 years of research by focusing on the following question: What are the factors that influence self-efficacy in an online learning environment? There has been a plethora of research concerning self-efficacy. However, few works have focused on the sources of self-efficacy in online-learning environments. Systematic searches of numerous online data-bases published between 2005 and 2017, which covered factors influencing self-efficacy in online learning context, resulted in the investigation of 25 studies. The data were extracted, organized and analyzed using a narrative synthesis. Results revealed that various factors improved self-efficacy and provided evidence of significant sources of self-efficacy in the context of online learning. Moreover, the investigation provides guidance for further research in designing online learning environments to enhance the self-efficacy of learners.