Ventricular arrhythmias in end-stage idiopathic cardiomyopathy can originate from subendocardial or subepicardial focal mechanisms.
Spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias in patients with end-stage idiopathic cardiomyopathy can arise in the subendocardium or subepicardium by a focal mechanism.
Pogwizd et al. (Tue,) studied this question.