The issues of diagnostics of main characteristics of squalls (extreme weather events of a local, sudden nature) remain extremely relevant in the context of increasing accuracy of operational prediction and identification of causes of their formation and development. Statistical processing of cases with squalls and landspouts (at a wind velocity of ≥25 m/s) previously made it possible to identify such patterns as the frequency of occurrence and areas most susceptible to the threat of these dangerous phenomena. Nevertheless, the accuracy and lead time of the forecast remained insufficient. An approximate estimation of the damage caused by squalls and squall wind intensifications still requires further study. Using a large array of data on wind velocity and direction from the high-altitude instrumental tower of the Institute of Experimental Meteorology of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NPO Typhoon for 2014–2024 , the sufficiently reliable statistical distributions of main indicative characteristics were measured: the velocity, the sharp increase in which was, among other things, a criterion for identifying a squall, as well as the wind energy and power, which indicate destructive force. For different and unrelated squall wind intensifications, the changes in the maximum and average velocity, energy, power from scale, as well as energy and power from average velocity, are described by universal power correlations with a probability of 95–98%. The authors assume here a connection with the causes of squall formation and accompanying turbulence, internal gravity waves formed in stable atmosphere and before frontal invasions of cold air, and coherent structures. Such dependencies and the obtained spectra with a slope of –3 and –5/3 indicate self-similarity of squalls. The phenomena of squall winds can be considered the elements of macroturbulence of mesoscale atmospheric processes. The scale and energies of destruction of the studied extreme events are estimated. Using Kolmogorov's theory of 1934, the evaluation of the transverse scale of a squall based on the measurements of one tower is 3-4 times greater, on average, than the longitudinal scale. The destruction energy can be estimated from the scale of squalls through their characteristic times and forcings.
Vazaeva et al. (Sun,) studied this question.