Abstract: Bhutan’s development philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH) is grounded on the importance of holistic well-being over purely economic growth. In line with its aspiration to become a high-income GNH economy by 2034, strengthening human capital through relevant and inclusive skills development has become a national priority. This study examines the role of Virtual Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in enhancing Bhutan’s GNH Index by improving digital competencies, technical skills, and institutional capacity. Utilizing a single-case exploratory design, the data were collected from the five participants of the Colombo Plan Staff College’s Training of Trainers program on Renewable Energy Systems using Virtual TVET conducted in February 2026. Findings reveal that Virtual TVET enhances accessibility, flexibility, and industry alignment through the use of digital platforms, simulations, and learning management systems. However, challenges related to limited digital infrastructure, insufficient trainer capacity, and gaps in learner access persist. The study highlights the potential of Virtual TVET as a strategic tool for advancing human capital development, supporting sustainable practices, and reinforcing Bhutan’s holistic development framework under GNH.
Dhameja et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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