Small-molecule VEGFR-2 inhibitors have minimal selectivity and cause fatigue, anorexia, hypertension, hemorrhage, and bleeding due to their affinity for PDGF, EGFR, and RAF, which is conserved in many tyrosine kinases. Poor pharmacokinetics, side effects, and high manufacturing costs may limit biomolecule adoption despite clinical success. Proangiogenic and non-tumor proangiogenic chemicals and myeloid cells produced treatment resistance. Thus, multimodal targeted medications or combination therapy with anti-angiogenic therapies, chemotherapeutic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors, or gene therapy are needed to block pathological angiogenesis and increase selectivity, safety, diagnosis, and therapy response.
Farghaly et al. (Wed,) studied this question.