Abstract The Global Atmospheric Circuit is a key link connecting the Earth's surface, atmosphere, and ionosphere, regulating global charge transport and exhibiting high sensitivity to perturbations from solar activity. On 10 May 2024, a super geospace storm struck Earth, representing the strongest Sun‐Earth interaction event since the 2003 Halloween storms. This event drove an extreme magnetospheric storm with a 15.4% Forbush decrease event and the compression of the magnetosphere to approximately 5 Earth radii. To explore the response patterns and mechanisms of the Global Atmospheric Circuit, we analyzed 3 months of continuous observational data (including the vertical atmospheric electric field, atmospheric electrical conductivity, and conduction current density) from the Paratunka Observatory, a coastal site with minimal local anthropogenic and topographic interference. We first established the fair‐weather baseline curves of these atmospheric electrical parameters, then calculated their deviations, and correlated these deviations with neutron monitor data that reflect the variations of Galactic Cosmic Rays. Results show that the May 2024 geospace storm drove an intense Forbush decrease, which further triggered significant perturbations in the Global Atmospheric Circuit. Specifically, the perturbations of conduction current density and atmospheric electric field exceeded five times the levels of a quiet period, while the near‐surface atmospheric electrical conductivity remained almost unchanged. A possible sphere coupling process was discussed in this study. In conclusion, this study provides direct observational evidence of the response of the Global Atmospheric Circuit to extreme solar activity, which advances our understanding of the coupling between solar activity, the magnetosphere, and the lower atmosphere.
Li et al. (Wed,) studied this question.