Economical Glucose Sensor and a Core–Shell Nanoparticle Made of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers are Being Developed

In this work, polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes and their core–shell polymerization with Ag, ZnO, and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized using the molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technique to fabricate glucose sensors. The nanotube structures of the polymers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal stability of the polymers was evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivate thermal gravimetric (DTG), while infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to confirm their chemical structures. The current–voltage characteristics of the sensor strips were studied in the range of 1–10 V and exhibited good linearity. The nonenzymatic response of the sensors was investigated using standard glucose solutions in the concentration range of 0–12 mM, as well as bovine blood samples. The sensor strips demonstrated excellent stability, reproducibility, and short response–recovery times. Furthermore, the performance of PANI nanotube‐based molecularly imprinted glucose sensors was significantly enhanced by incorporating Ag, ZnO, and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles.