What question did this study set out to answer?

To investigate the binary population and mass functions of the open cluster NGC 2158, particularly for low-mass stars.

April 18, 2026

A deep HST view of the open cluster NGC 2158: Binaries, mass functions, and M-dwarf discontinuity

Puntos clave

To investigate the binary population and mass functions of the open cluster NGC 2158, particularly for low-mass stars.
Utilized deep Space Telescope imaging for detailed observations.
Focused on binary fraction and luminosity down to approximately 0.14 solar masses.
Analyzed the mass function across high, low, and very low-mass stars.
Found a global binary fraction of 38%, decreasing from 52% at 1.0 solar masses to 11% at 0.2 solar masses.
Identified three regimes in the mass function with slopes indicating a deficit of stars below 0.3 solar masses.
Discovered a discontinuity in the main sequence around 0.3 solar masses, potentially linked to stellar instability.

Resumen

A significant fraction of stars in both the Galactic field and stellar clusters belong to binary systems. Understanding their properties is therefore fundamental for a comprehensive picture of stellar structure, stellar evolution, and cluster dynamics. Despite extensive work on binaries in clusters, key questions remain open, particularly concerning photometric binaries among low-mass stars. While the binary fraction among field stars shows a strong dependence on stellar mass, studies of star clusters have so far suggested an approximately constant fraction across the limited mass range explored. Moreover, the mass function (MF) of very low-mass stars remains poorly constrained in clusters older than a few hundred million years. In this work, we used deep Space Telescope imaging of the intermediate-age open cluster NGC, 2158 to investigate its binary population and derive the luminosity and MFs down to sim0. 14, M_⊙. This dataset enables the first detailed study of binaries in this cluster. We obtained a global binary fraction of 38%, which is consistent with that observed in other open clusters, and detected a clear mass dependence: the fraction decreases from sim52% at 1. 0 M_⊙ to sim11% at 0. 2 M_⊙. This trend mirrors that seen in the Galactic field, which suggests that binaries in NGC, 2158 and field populations share similar properties. The MF of NGC, 2158 is best described by three regimes: high-mass stars (α = -2. 49 ± 0. 19), low-mass stars (α = -1. 11 Hubble and very low-mass stars (α = -0. 08 The slope change near 1. 0, M_⊙ agrees with recent open cluster surveys, although we find a deficit of stars at the lowest masses (M łesssim 0. 3, M_⊙). Finally, we identify a discontinuity in the main sequence around M ∼ 0. 3, M_⊙. We explore the possibility that this feature traces the 3He-driven instability predicted by stellar models, analogous to the 'Jao Gap' observed in the colour–magnitude diagram of nearby field stars.

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Cite This Study

Marchuk et al. (Tue,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69e31ff140886becb653f134 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558150/pdf

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