Abstract High-speed trains (HST) generate strong ground vibrations when running on railways, which excite stable seismic waves. As these seismic waves propagate through the subsurface medium, they carry valuable information about geological structures, which can be effectively utilized for imaging and inversion. To fully utilize HST seismic data, it is crucial to understand and characterize the wavefield characteristics of the HST source. Using the theory of a uniform linear array, we analyzed the directional characteristics of a seismic wavefield excited by HST sources. Furthermore, using the ABAQUS finite element analysis software, we established a model depicting an HST traversing a tunnel. The simulation results of the HST seismic wavefield were employed for theoretical verification. By comparing the theoretical radiation patterns of the HST seismic wavefield with those of the simulated wavefield, we observed strong consistency between the main lobes of the interference patterns. Notably, this conclusion remained valid when we changed the HST speed or medium parameters.
Wang et al. (Sun,) studied this question.