Uniform Reporting of Outcomes From Resuscitation Education Research: The Resuscitation Education Utstein Style: A Consensus Report From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation

Resuscitation education is central to improving resuscitation performance and survival outcomes after cardiac arrest, yet no guidance exists for the standardization of reporting outcomes for cardiac arrest resuscitation education research. Standardization of reporting outcomes will allow the comparison of studies and collation of results, thus strengthening the conclusions that can be drawn from systematic reviews. Here, we aim to guide researchers by providing a list of quantitative outcome measures for resuscitation education research. The Utstein working group conducted 3 rounds of a Delphi process to identify outcome categories for educational research for health care professionals and laypeople. Sixteen outcome categories with 60 specific outcomes were identified for resuscitation education research involving health care providers, and 16 outcome categories with 51 specific outcomes were identified for research involving laypeople. Definitions are provided for all specific outcomes. The Resuscitation Education Outcomes Pyramid provides a summary of all potential outcome categories in a tiered fashion, with outcome categories further grouped into instructor outcomes, learner outcomes, patient outcomes, or systems- and population-level outcomes. Implementation of these standardized outcomes for resuscitation education research will support knowledge synthesis efforts through systematic reviews of the literature, leading to more impactful educational guidelines and improved clinical practice in the future.