Agriculture is rapidly transforming with the integration of automation and intelligent systems. However, small and marginal farmers still rely heavily on manual labour for irrigation, pesticide spraying and crop monitoring. This work presents the design and development of an Automatic Multi-Functional Agricultural Robot intended for smart crop. The robot is capable of monitoring soil moisture, controlling irrigation automatically, spraying pesticides and navigating fields autonomously. By integrating sensors, a microcontroller and IoT-based monitoring, the system reduces human effort, optimizes water usage and enhances crop productivity. The system is affordable, energy-efficient and suitable for real-time agricultural applications.
Sreejith et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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