Construction of the Motor Imagery Integrative Model in Sport: a review and theoretical investigation of motor imagery use

While there is ample evidence that motor imagery (MI) may improve motor performance, the models that have been proposed are mainly focused on some of the key components required to ascertain effectiveness, but do not give an extended overview of MI functions. This article reviews the models of greatest conceptual viability, and aims at describing the fields in which MI may play a crucial role, by integrating these functions in a unique model within motor performance and recovery. The detailed description of the imagery-based interventions considers distinct outcomes: (i) motor learning and performance, (ii) motivation, self-confidence and anxiety, (iii) strategies and problem-solving, and (iv) injury rehabilitation. The Motor Imagery Integrative Model of Imagery in Sport (MIIMS) may be used as a global guiding framework in the field of MI studies to develop more effective imagery interventions by covering the major key components of MI training related to the outcome achieved by athletes.