Advancing Railway Resilience: Evaluation of Snow and Ice Removal Technologies in Severe Winter Climates

Snow and ice pose significant challenges to railway operations, particularly in regions with severe winter climates. Snow disrupts train movement by reducing traction on slippery rails, blocking tracks and switches, impairing signaling systems, and limiting visibility, which can lead to delays, cancellations, or safety risks. Efficient snow removal is critical to maintaining operational safety, minimizing delays, and reducing economic disruptions caused by extreme weather conditions. This paper evaluates snow removal methods and equipment used in railway systems, focusing on their performance under severe climate conditions. The study examines traditional methods, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical techniques, alongside recent innovations such as hybrid systems, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI). Mechanical methods, such as rotary blowers and wedge plows, remain reliable for heavy snow accumulation but face limitations with ice buildup. Thermal systems like heated tracks and infrared heaters prevent ice formation but are energy-intensive. Chemical de-icing agents are effective under moderate conditions but raise environmental concerns. Emerging methods, such as eco-friendly de-icing agents, hydrophobic coatings, and AI-powered predictive analytics, offer sustainable and efficient alternatives. The findings highlight the need for tailored, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective strategies to ensure uninterrupted railway operations in extreme climates, contributing to the development of resilient railway systems.