Factors affecting the emission of pollutants in different types of transportation: A literature review

Given the importance of the environment around the world and its accelerating destruction brought on by the increase in emissions resulting from the growing use of various forms of transportation, this paper shall aim to eliminate this research gap via a thorough investigation of the literature. These goals include the effect of greenhouse gases emitted by the transportation industry on the environment, the impact of pollutants on transportation mode choice, a study of the obstacles to reducing pollution in transportation, and the presentation of solutions and suggestions. In the research, papers related to this topic in various transportation industries, including road, rail, marine, air, and multimodal transportation, and the variables affecting the control of greenhouse gas emissions in any mode of transportation were collected. Afterward, fundamental analysis was carried out, conclusions drawn, and the presentation of suggestions and solutions in this area addressed. Reducing greenhouse gases in transportation is a challenge that requires examining numerous influential variables and factors. The studies presented in this research are expected to be useful, especially for the energy activists, researchers, and policymakers who would like to conduct long-term studies of pollutants in the transportation industry and the variables influencing the control of greenhouse gas emissions.