From Consumerism to the Principles of Sustainable Economy: Possible Option or Necessity

Consumerism is one of the most striking socio-economic phenomena of modernity, influencing both the structure of capitalist economies and the way in which individuals define their identity and social relationships through the act of consumption. From its roots in the Industrial Revolution to contemporary digital forms, consumerism has evolved through a complex process marked by significant economic, political and cultural changes. This article approaches the concept of consumerism from a multidimensional perspective (economic, sociological, cultural and critical) and outlines the main stages of its historical development, drawing on the specialized literature. The analysis also focuses on the effects of excessive consumption on natural resources, pollution, climate change and socio-economic inequalities, with an emphasis on the vulnerabilities of the Republic of Moldova. The findings highlight the close link between consumption patterns, environmental degradation and systemic economic risks, emphasising the importance of the transition to a circular economy and the adoption of sustainable consumption practices.