Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease leading to the loss of motor neurons and progressive paralysis. Increasing evidence suggests that chronic neuroinflammation plays a key role in its development. Excessive activation of microglia, toxic reprogramming of astrocytes, and the activation of NF-κB, NLRP3, and C5a–C5aR1 signaling pathways drive neuronal damage. Literature review shows that therapeutic interventions targeting neuroinflammation demonstrate promising effects in preclinical models, but their clinical efficacy remains limited. Additionally, emerging studies suggest a role of gut microbiota in modulating inflammatory responses via the gut–brain axis. This review discusses neuroinflammatory mechanisms, their role in ALS progression, and potential therapeutic strategies, highlighting the need for further research into inflammation biomarkers and personalized therapies.
Kaźmierkiewicz-Makanga et al. (Mon,) studied this question.