An update on the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease

arkinson disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease. About 0.3% of the general population is affected, and the prevalence is higher among men than women, with a ratio of 1.5 to 1.0. 5 Parkinson disease may be more common among white people than those of Asian or African descent; however, the data are conflicting. In 2011, the estimated number of people living with Parkinson disease in Canada had reached 85 200. 7 By 2031, the projected number of people with this disease will double. anagement remains complicated over the course of the disease and should be individualized based on the patient's quality of life at each stage of disease. There have been many advancements in the management of Parkinson disease and ongoing research. Many options are now available. This review presents current treatment strategies and recommendations in managing motor and nonmotor symptoms in the various stages of Parkinson disease. Methods for developing this review are outlined in Box 1.