Design of a GNSS-Based Bus Stop Positioning and Real-Time Bus Tracking System with Web Map Integration

This study presents a comprehensive approach that integrates GNSS-based measurements with web mapping technologies to enhance the spatial accuracy of public transport stops in the city centre of Karaman and digitally strengthen the existing transport information infrastructure. Increased mobility in urban public transport, rising user demand for real-time information, and the obsolescence of the existing inventory over time have necessitated the re-measurement of stop locations and their accessibility on a digital platform. In line with this, in the first phase of the research, all stops across the city were measured in the field using an RTK-supported GNSS receiver, obtaining position information with centimeter accuracy. The coordinates obtained were compared with the route-stop data set obtained from the municipality, incorrect points were corrected, and missing, duplicate, or location-uncertain records were filtered out to create an up-to-date and reliable stop database. In the second phase, real-time location data in JSON format obtained from GPS devices on buses was processed and integrated into an OpenStreetMap-based web map interface using Leaflet.js. The interface offers users an interactive experience with features such as stop search, route filtering, route viewing, and dynamic pop-up information. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in spatial accuracy and show that the system's scalable structure makes a strong contribution to urban transport management.