Abstract: Nanomedicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines nanotechnology and life sciences, and it is not only modelling the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of major diseases at a very rapid rate. The review highlights recent progress in nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems and their use in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders, as well as infectious diseases such as COVID-19, HIV, and tuberculosis. It briefly describes the key nanocarriers (liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers) and targeted delivery methods, including passive, active, and stimuli-responsive approaches, which not only enhance therapeutic efficacy but also reduce off-target effects. The review also provides an overview of the global landscape of approved and emerging nanomedicines, the importance of AI and machine learning in nanoparticle design, and individualized treatment. Although the promise is high, toxicity, biocompatibility, scalability, and regulatory hurdles continue to hamper clinical translation. The solutions to these barriers will play an important role in enabling the maximum potential of nanomedicine in precision medicine.
Parashar et al. (Tue,) studied this question.