Diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia‐Cardiomyopathy: Value of Standard ECG Revisited

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic dilemma in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia-cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is that a single diagnostic test does not exist and that there is a need for broadening diagnostic criteria. As standard ECG contributes significantly to clinical diagnosis and represents a tool for screening in family studies ECG data should be revisited. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a cohort of 265 patients (159 males, mean age 46.8 years) with ISFC/ESC criteria of ARVD/C ECG features were reevaluated. QRS duration in (V1 + V2 + V3)/(V4 + V5 + V6) > or = 1.2-called localized right precordial QRS prolongation-was present in 261/265 patients (98%) and represents the essential finding. Right precordial epsilon potentials were found in 23% in standard and in 75% in highly amplified and modified recording technique. Right precordial T wave inversions were present in 143 cases (54%) and ST-segment elevation of different types in 66 patients (25%). Localized prolongation of inferior QRS complexes could be found in 58 cases (22%), complete right bundle branch block with T inversions beyond V2 in most cases in 17 patients (6%), incomplete right bundle branch block in 38 cases (14%), pseudo-incomplete right bundle branch block in 8 patients (3%), and right precordial R wave reduction in 14 cases (5%). CONCLUSION: With regard to sensitivity and already known specificity an ECG score for the diagnosis of ARVD/C was developed with high probability of ARVD/C in cases with > or =4 points, possibly without the need for an additional imaging technique. Standard ECG with additional highly amplified and modified recording technique represents a single diagnostic test with high value in the clinical diagnosis of ARVD/C and should be used as a first line tool in noninvasive family screening.