Mechanosynthesis of a bismuth nanoparticle-decorated palm kernel mesocarp fiber (Bi-PKMF): adsorption of Pb( ii ), kinetics and thermodynamics

Puntos clave

• The study aimed to develop a novel adsorbent using bismuth-decorated palm kernel mesocarp fiber for efficient lead (Pb(II)) removal.
• Prepared the bismuth-decorated adsorbent through green liquid-assisted mechano-chemical grinding.
• Followed by thermal crystallization to enhance the adsorbent properties.
• The Bi-PKMF effectively adsorbed Pb(II), indicating high affinity for lead ions.
• Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were conducted to assess the adsorption efficiency and mechanism.