Study of Isthmin-1 Levels and Serum Lipid Measurements in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of comorbidities that includes obesity, hypertension, and disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a secreted protein that plays multiple roles in pathophysiological processes. It works either endocrine or autocrine. It was found to be upregulated in MetS patients. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of ISM1 as a marker for the detection of MetS diseases and its relationship with other related biomarkers. Materials and Methods: An investigation into 125 individuals with metabolic diseases and 40 healthy adults aged 20–80 years was done on 165 patients at Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad, Republic of Iraq. For each patient and control, measure the levels of ISM1 using commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The body mass index (BMI), blood pressure measurements (mmHg for systolic and diastolic forms), cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose (FBG), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein (HDL, LDL, and VLDL) (mg/dL), were examined. Results: The BMI (kg/m 2 ) in the MetS group (40) was significantly different from the control group’s (20.9) value, according to the findings of the study. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), and FBG (mg/dL) were significantly different ( P < 0.05) in MetS and were measured at 15, 9, and 117.5, respectively, as opposed to the control group’s 12, 8, and 98. With the exception of HDL, which was higher in the healthy group (48 mg/dL) as compared to the MetS group (29.25 mg/dL), significant differences ( P < 0.05) were found in the cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels in the MetS group. These values were 238, 283, 151, and 56.6 (mg/dL), respectively. ISM1 levels were considerably ( P < 0.05) higher in the MetS group than in the healthy control group (3.22 ng/mL; 1.34 ng/mL). The receiver operating characteristic test for the ISM1 marker showed perfect cut-off values, and the area under the curve was 0.974, which indicated that ISM1 was considered a good diagnostic marker for people with MetS. Conclusion: We can infer from this study that people with MetS have higher blood levels of ISM1 because there is a greater need for ISM1 secretion to help lessen the severity of the metabolic problems.