copies/L (99.9999% efficiency) within 72 h in laboratory microcosms and wastewaters, significantly suppressing horizontal gene transfer. Mechanistically, oxidative phase transformation of nZVI enhances inner-sphere Fe-O-P bonding to the DNA phosphate backbone, concentrating ARGs at the interface and promoting fragmentation. Transcript and protein assays demonstrate that ARG fragments activate Toll-like receptor signaling, thereby triggering a 5.71-fold increase in DNase II exocytosis. These findings support a hybrid nano-bio remediation strategy that couples interfacial capture with endogenous nuclease action, providing a scalable route to control emerging genetic pollutants in aquatic systems.
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ACS Nano
Zhejiang University
State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse
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