LiCl-promoted-dehydration of fructose-based carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in isopropanol

. The LiCl/i-PrOH system is a substrate-tolerant and scalable catalytic system, fructose (scaled up 10 times), sucrose, and inulin also give 73.6%, 30.3%, and 70.3% HMF yield, respectively. Moreover, this system could be reused 8 times without significant loss of activity. The readily available and low-toxic LiCl, the sustainable solvent (i-PrOH), the renewable starting materials, and the mild reaction conditions make this system promising and sustainable for the industrial production of HMF in future.