An Integrated Sweat Sensor for Synchronous Detection of Multiple Atherosclerosis Biomarkers

and ion-selective permeation membrane. Moreover, the integrated nonenzymatic sensor exhibited excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, the practical utility of the sensor was successfully demonstrated by the simultaneous detection of three atherosclerosis biomarkers in sweat from volunteers who underwent predesigned daily activities. The sensor shows promise for convenient indexing of atherosclerosis conditions in a noninvasive way.