Decision Support System Development of Wildland Fire: A Systematic Mapping

Wildland fires have been a rising problem on the worldwide level, generating ecological and economic losses. Specifically, between wildland fire types, uncontrolled fires are critical due to the potential damage to the ecosystem and their effects on the soil, and, in the last decade, different technologies have been applied to fight them. Selecting a specific technology and Decision Support Systems (DSS) is fundamental, since the results and validity of this could drastically oscillate according to the different environmental and geographic factors of the terrain to be studied. Given the above, a systematic mapping was realized, with the purpose of recognizing the most-used DSS and context where they have been applied. One hundred and eighty-three studies were found that used different types of DSS to solve problems of detection, prediction, prevention, monitoring, simulation, administration, and access to routes. The concepts key to the type of solution are related to the use or development of systems or Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the computer science area. Although the use of BA and Big Data has increased in recent years, there are still many challenges to face, such as staff training, the friendly environment of DSS, and real-time decision-making.