Collagen-Coated 3D-Printed Magnesium Alloy Scaffold with Controlled Mg 2+ Release for Enhanced Repair of Critical-Sized Bone Defects

studies using a rat calvarial defect model confirmed that the COL/Mg scaffold significantly promoted vascularized bone regeneration and achieved good bone integration compared to uncoated Mg scaffolds, without adverse systemic effects. In conclusion, this collagen-coating strategy provides a simple and effective approach to harness the advantages of Mg alloys for bone repair by dynamically regulating the ionic microenvironment, offering a promising solution for treating critical-sized bone defects.