Characterization of displacement forces and image artifacts in the presence of passive medical implants in low-field (<100 mT) permanent magnet-based MRI systems, and comparisons with clinical MRI systems

PURPOSE: To investigate the displacement forces and image artifacts associated with passive medical implants for recently-developed low-field (128) turbo spin echo sequences can be run with short inter-pulse times (5-10 ms) within SAR limits. CONCLUSIONS: This work presents the first evaluation of the effects of passive implants at field strengths less than 100 mT in terms of displacement forces, image artifacts and SAR. The results support previous claims that such systems can be used safely and usefully in challenging enviroments such as the intensive care unit.