A BSTRACT Introduction: Neoplasms of the female genital tract show considerable histopathological diversity, with leiomyomas being the most frequent benign tumors and carcinomas of the endometrium, cervix, and ovary representing significant malignant entities. While uterine and ovarian tumors are commonly encountered, neoplasms of the cervix, vagina, vulva, and fallopian tube are less frequent. This study aims to characterize the histopathological spectrum of neoplastic lesions in the female genital tract over a two-year period at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology from November 2022 to September 2024. A total of 291 surgically excised neoplastic specimens from the uterus, cervix, ovary, and vagina were included. Nonneoplastic lesions were excluded. Specimens were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, processed using standard protocols, sectioned at 3–5 μ thickness, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Data entry was done using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Excel: Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington, USA), and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM SPSS Statistics version 26: IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York, USA). Results: Most patients were between 40 and 49 years (48.45%), with abdominal pain (72.39%) being the predominant symptom. Hysterectomy was the most common surgical procedure (62.2%), followed by oophorectomy (20.62%). The uterine corpus was the most frequent site for benign tumors, with leiomyoma comprising 69.07% of benign lesions. Endometrioid carcinoma (4.81%) was the most common uterine malignancy. The cervix showed only malignant lesions, with squamous cell carcinoma (2.41%) being the most common. Ovarian tumors exhibited the greatest histological variety; benign serous (7.56%) and mucinous cystadenomas (5.84%) predominated, while high-grade serous carcinoma (2.75%) was the leading ovarian malignancy. Rare tumors included yolk sac tumor, leiomyosarcoma, and vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (each 0.34%). Conclusion: Benign neoplasms outnumbered malignant ones, with uterine leiomyomas being the most common overall. Cervical lesions were exclusively malignant, highlighting the need for routine screening. Ovarian tumors demonstrated substantial heterogeneity, necessitating thorough histological evaluation. These findings reinforce the importance of age-specific surveillance and histopathological diagnosis in optimizing the management of gynecologic neoplasms.
Chandanwale et al. (Fri,) studied this question.