From Intelligent Manufacturing to Smart Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 Driven by Next Generation Artificial Intelligence and Further On

Smart manufacturing (SM) is emerging as a new version of intelligent manufacturing (IM), reflecting the magnitude and impact of smart technologies such the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Cyber-Physical Systems and Big Data on Industry 4.0. This paper addresses how IM evolves to SM along with artificial intelligence (AI) evolution. To this end, this study first summarizes how the symbolic AI (called AI 1.0) characterized by structured contents and centralized control structures evolves into the next-generation AI (called AI 2.0) characterized by unstructured contents, decentralized control structures and machine learning (especially deep learning), and explain show IM enabled by AI 1.0 evolves into SM by AI 2.0 accordingly. Then, the comparison of IM and SM is discussed in detail. Finally, the further development of smart manufacturing for Industry 4.0 is given.