Status and Opportunities of Photovoltaic Inverters in Grid-Tied and Micro-Grid Systems

This paper reviews the status in industry and academia regarding configurations, topologies, controls, and grid connections in grid-tied and micro-grid PV inverter applications. The paper will discuss the major technical needs to address problems in bringing cost down, increasing efficiency and improving reliability/availability. The paper foresees that new grid interconnection features will have to be integrated more into the inverters, along with the wide-spreading use of distributed generations