Generative artificial intelligence in medicine: a mixed-methods survey of UK general practitioners

Objective To explore the opinions of general practitioners (GPs) in the UK about the use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in primary care. Methods and analysis At the beginning of 2024, using a convenience sample, we administered an online mixed-methods survey to registered GPs currently working in the UK. Results A total of 1006 GPs responded, with 53% being male and 54% over 46 years old. One-fifth of GPs reported having used AI for clinical practice, with male doctors and those in bigger cities being more likely to have used it. 80% of respondents expressed a need for more training in understanding these tools. GPs at least somewhat agreed AI would improve documentation (59%) and patient information gathering (56%). 55% felt AI could increase inequities and 54% saw potential for patient harm, but 47% believed it could enhance healthcare efficiency. GPs who used these tools were significantly more optimistic about the scope for generative AI in improving clinical tasks. One-third of GPs left comments that were classified into four major themes: (1) lack of familiarity and understanding with AI, (2) role of AI in clinical practice, (3) concerns about AI and (4) AI and the future of healthcare. Conclusions This study highlights UK GPs’ developing perspectives on generative AI in clinical practice, emphasising the need for more training. Many GPs reported a lack of knowledge and experience with this technology, although a portion already used non-medical grade technology for clinical tasks, with the risks that this entails.