ABSTRACT This research examines the impacts of climate change on major springs in the Jericho region of Palestine, including Ein es-Sultan, Al-Duyuk and Al-Nuweimeh. Despite their importance for domestic supply, agriculture and ecosystems, interactions between climate variability and hydrological hazards remain insufficiently explored. The study analyzes long-term climatic parameters of precipitation, temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and sunshine duration to evaluate effects on spring discharge. Results show a pronounced decline in rainfall accompanied by a steady rise in air temperatures, leading to higher evaporation, longer droughts and reduced groundwater recharge. Precipitation records from 1969 to 2021 reveal a persistent downward trend in monthly and annual totals, particularly during traditionally wet months, indicating increasing aridity and more frequent drought years. Concurrently, rising average and extreme temperatures intensify evaporative losses and further stress limited water resources. Changes in sunshine duration and atmospheric pressure reinforce evidence of growing climatic instability. Overall, climate change poses a serious threat to the sustainability of the Jericho spring system by degrading aquifer conditions, altering recharge dynamics, decreasing spring discharge and increasing extreme events such as droughts and floods, thereby complicating effective water management and long-term protection strategies across the region.
Marwan Ghanem (Thu,) studied this question.
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