A catalase nanocapsule inhibits VSMCs proliferation and migration through PTEN/NLRP3 pathway

Background Aberrant VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching drive vascular remodeling. Oxidative stress is pivotal, but effective antioxidants are limited. Methods A catalase-loaded nanocapsule (CAT-nc) was developed for sustained ROS scavenging in Ang II-induced VSMCs. Results CAT-nc reduced ROS, inhibited proliferation/migration, restored contractile phenotype via PTEN reactivation and NLRP3 suppression; PTEN inhibition abolished these effects. Discussion Confirming the ROS-PTEN-NLRP3 axis, CAT-nc attenuates oxidative stress-driven VSMC switching, offering a promising nanotherapy for vascular diseases.