A significant challenge for sustained human presence on the Moon revolves around lunar regolith dust. In the past, Apollo astronauts experienced adverse reactions to lunar dust, reporting allergy-like symptoms after tracking the dust into the lunar module. A 3D human airway model, with properties of a native bronchial epithelium, was generated using a natural scaffold colonized with primary bronchial epithelial cells and donor-matched bronchial fibroblasts. In a laboratory setup, a comparison between lunar regolith simulant Johnson Space Center-1 (JSC-1) and terrestrial reference dust [particulate matter 10 μm (PM
Marchal et al. (Fri,) studied this question.